Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS), including Ayurveda and Yoga, provide a comprehensive understanding of exercise/physical activity, through Vyayama or regulated exercise. Ancient texts such as the Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, describe Vyayama as a method for an individual to maintain his/her physical strength, metabolic rates and systemic homeostasis as an overarching, preventive strategy. These concepts do have analogues in contemporary rehabilitation sciences that provide individualised exercise programs as well as contact-based recovery and optimising recovery methods. This chapter aims to provide an analysis of the philosophical foundations of Vyayama and its possible therapeutic applications. Some of these applications include the practices of Abhyanga (Oil Massage), Marma Therapy, Yogic Asanas, and Pranayama. Additionally, the chapter intends to explore the history of physiotherapy as a discipline and how new forms of integrative therapies are being developed, particularly those that incorporate indigenous knowledge systems (IKS). There is scientific literature that indicates that integrative therapies are effective in treating and managing various conditions such as musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiorespiratory, and lifestyle disorders. This chapter, through its interface with both traditional wisdom and modern science, seeks to emphasize the importance and relevance of IKS in the context of rehabilitation.