This book chapter explores the significant role of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in enhancing the social and economic empowerment of women in Bihar, with particular emphasis on the JEEVIKA programmer. Over the past two decades, SHGs have emerged as an effective mechanism for promoting financial inclusion, livelihood opportunities, and community participation among rural women. The chapter examines how participation in SHGs has strengthened women’s access to savings and credit, improved their decision-making abilities, and increased their involvement in local governance institutions such as Gram Sabha’s and Panchayats. It further highlights the contribution of SHGs to income generation, entrepreneurship development, and poverty reduction. From a sociological perspective, the chapter analyses the transformative impact of collective action on women’s social status, leadership capacity, and self-confidence. The study concludes that SHGs have become a powerful instrument for fostering gender equality, social transformation, and inclusive rural development in Bihar.