Health and well-being have emerged as critical concerns in the contemporary world due to increasing lifestyle disorders, mental health challenges, social fragmentation, and environmental crises. While modern approaches often focus on medical treatment, economic prosperity, and psychological satisfaction, Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) present a broader and more integrated understanding of human flourishing. Rooted in ancient philosophical traditions and practical systems of living, the Indian perspective views health as a dynamic state of harmony involving the body, mind, intellect, emotions, society, nature, and consciousness. Well-being is not limited to physical fitness or material comfort but encompasses ethical conduct, emotional balance, social responsibility, and spiritual growth. Drawing upon the wisdom of the Vedas, Upanishads, Ayurveda, Yoga, and classical philosophical traditions, Indian Knowledge Systems emphasize the interconnected nature of human existence. Health is understood as equilibrium, while well-being is associated with balanced living and inner contentment. Human flourishing is achieved through the harmonious pursuit of the four Purusharthas as Dharma, Artha, Kama, and Moksha which together provide a comprehensive framework for individual and collective development. This chapter explores the Indian understanding of health, well-being, and human flourishing and examines its relevance in addressing contemporary challenges. It discusses the holistic conception of health in Ayurveda, the transformative role of Yoga, the significance of mental and emotional balance, the Panchakosha model of human existence, ecological consciousness, and the ethical foundations of a flourishing life. The chapter argues that the insights embedded within Indian Knowledge Systems continue to offer valuable guidance for creating healthier individuals, resilient communities, and sustainable societies in the modern era.