Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) have emerged as a critical framework for evaluating corporate sustainability, ethical business practices, and long-term value creation. In recent years, ESG has gained global significance as investors, regulators, and other stakeholders increasingly expect companies to operate responsibly and transparently. ESG integrates three key dimensions—environmental protection, social responsibility, and corporate governance—into organizational decision-making and reporting processes. The environmental component focuses on issues such as climate change, resource management, pollution control, and energy efficiency. The social dimension emphasizes employee welfare, labor practices, diversity and inclusion, human rights, and community engagement. Governance, on the other hand, relates to ethical leadership, board independence, transparency, risk management, and accountability within organizations. This study examines the concept of ESG and analyses the regulatory framework, corporate adoption, and challenges associated with ESG implementation in India. The research is based on secondary data collected from academic literature, regulatory guidelines, industry reports, and corporate sustainability disclosures. The study highlights the increasing integration of ESG principles into corporate strategies and investment decisions in India. It also identifies key challenges such as lack of standardized ESG metrics, data reliability issues, high compliance costs, and the risk of greenwashing. The findings suggest that while ESG adoption in India is gradually expanding, stronger regulatory oversight, improved reporting standards, and greater participation from companies across sectors are necessary to enhance the effectiveness of ESG practices.