Women’s economic independence is an important base for gender equality, individual autonomy and development in real terms. In Indian economy women in history have made significant contributions in agricultural sectors, households, family businesses, wage labour sector and also unpaid domestic work. Though much of this contribution has not been economically valued and has remained almost invisible. But as the time has changed, last decade saw some major changes in terms of women’s participation in economic activities which was seen through increased number of female labours, more of women’s financial inclusion and a large number of women entrepreneurs. Unfortunately, the transition from economic participation to a real and genuine economic independence still remains a debatable topic. Therefore, this chapter is an attempt to examine women’s economic independence inIndian economy by the study of three interconnected parameters i.e. employment and work, entrepreneurship and self-employment, and financial inclusion and economic decision-making. It also analyses the effect of education and skill levels, unpaid work, social norms, mobility constraints, digitalisation and access to social protection. Using a qualitative and analytical methodology which is based on secondary data and the available literature, this study puts forward that women’s economic independence cannot be only be just measured by employment or bank-account ownership but requires meaningful control over their income levels, financial resources, productive assets, time and economic decisions. Also the current work suggests the need of an integrated policy framework focused on decent employment, development of businesses, financial agency, care infrastructure, safe mobility, digital empowerment, social protection and gender-responsive institutions. It states that strengthening women’s economic independence is not simply a matter of one's empowerment but is a necessary condition for equitable and sustainable social and economic development in the country.