ASTITVA WOMEN’S POWER: THE RISE OF WOMEN FROM SILENCE TO STRENGTH ACROSS TIME (ISBN: 978-93-49468-41-2)

From Classrooms to Boardrooms: A Study of Women Empowerment in India

Author: Dr. Ruchi Garg & Dr. Ravi Kant Modi

The empowerment of women is a critical component for inclusive development. However, the empowerment of women has been measured through access, like access to schooling or opening of an account, but not through their actual empowerment in terms of decision making. This paper analyses women’s empowerment in India based on secondary information available in the Global Gender Gap Report 2025, Economic Survey 2024, data from ministry and parliament documents and other published research papers through the framework of resources-agency-achievements. While there is parity in educational attainment (97.1%) in India, the gap is much wider when it comes to economic participation (40.7%) and political empowerment (24.5%). While women make up 68% of the total Mudra loan accounts, they receive only 44.46% of the total credit provided under the scheme. There is significant progress in self-help groups and Beti Bachao Beti Padhao.

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