Women play a major role in Indian agriculture, although their contribution is often undercounted and poorly recognized. According to the National Statistical Office’s Time Use in India, 2019, 62.8% of rural women participated in unpaid domestic services for household members, compared with 24.9% of rural men (NSO, 2021). This unpaid workload exists alongside women’s extensive participation in crop production, livestock care, food processing, and natural-resource management. The Food and Agriculture Organization argues that improving women’s access to land, credit, technology, and extension services can increase agricultural productivity and strengthen food security (FAO, 2011). This paper examines women’s agricultural roles, the challenges they face, and the importance of their traditional knowledge for sustainable farming in India.