The Indian insurance sector has witnessed significant transformation over the past two decades, particularly after liberalization in 2000, which introduced private players and foreign investments. The study examines the performance of the insurance sector in India and its relationship with economic growth from 2001 to 2023. Using secondary data and an econometric approach, we analyze the impact of insurance sector performance on economic growth. Insurance penetration and insurance density are used as proxies for insurance sector performance, and Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is used as a proxy for economic growth. The data related to insurance penetration and insurance density has been compiled from the Handbook on Indian Insurance Statistics, IRDAI, and the data related to GDP per capita was extracted from the World Bank. The findings suggest a complex interaction. While higher insurance penetration appears to exert a lagged negative impact on GDP growth, insurance density positively contributes to economic expansion. The results emphasize the role of the insurance sector as a financial intermediary, facilitating risk management, capital formation, and investment mobilization. However, structural and regulatory challenges persist, limiting the sector's full potential. The study underscores the need for balanced sectoral development, policy interventions, and increased financial literacy to enhance insurance participation and optimize its contribution to economic growth.