Bamboo is regarded as the ‘green gold’ or ‘poor man’s timber’ and is one of the highest producing global renewable natural resources. It is a versatile plant possessing more than 1500 uses and forms an indispensable component in the socio-economy of the rural ecosystem in Northeast India. Bamboo groves or patches are observed to be situated in the two hill districts of Assam, namely Dima Hasao and Karbi Anglong. The present study aimed at understanding the socio-economic dependency of the Karbi tribe on bamboo resources as well as to document the utilization of bamboo in the cultural festivals of the Karbi community for sustenance of their culture & ethnic heritage. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), focus-group discussions, key-informant interviews and semi-structured household surveys were deployed for the purpose of primary data collection. Results revealed that Bambusa tulda, locally referred to as Jati bamboo is predominantly available and observed in the homestead gardens. However, in the natural forested regions, both Bambusa tulda & Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, locally referred to as Kako/Kaipho had a major occupancy. Bamboo is intimately utilized by the locals for the purpose of construction and artwork, handicrafts and agricultural as well as fishing implements. In addition, Bamboo plays an indispensable role in various ethnic rituals and cultural festivals of the Karbi tribe namely Chujoon, Rongker, Karbi Youth Festival, etc. However, bamboo sale and marketability has reduced over the years. Shutting down of paper mills is one of the major reasons towards less involvement in Bamboo farming and management. Illegal trading and third-party exploitation were also reported in the bamboo supply-chain.